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  Ruby is a pink to blood red gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum. Sapphires are also from the mineral corundum. If the corundum gemstone is red it is called a ruby, any other color it is called sapphire.
  The prices of rubies are primarily determined by color. The brightest and best "red" called pigeon blood red, commands a huge premium over other rubies of similar quality. Natural ruby is a rare and expensive gemstone. It has a hardness of 9.0  only diamond is harder with a mohs 10.0 by definition.