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  Sapphire refers to gem varieties of the mineral corundum, when it is a color other than red (ruby) it is called a sapphire. Sapphires are many different colors blue and pink are most common, other colors include yellow, purple, orange, or greenish color. Like the ruby which is the same mineral excepted its color is red, sapphires have a mohs hardness of 9.0. A beautiful rare and expensive gemstone.